• Earth Science Journal!

    #11
    Title:     Kepler's Laws!

    Freehand draw and label the following ellipses.

    ellipse1

    Draw the Major Axis on ellipse B

    ellipse4

    Draw a star and planet as shown on ellipse C.

    Please write down and answer these questions.

    1. Which ellipse is most eccentric?  Ellipse C
    2. Which ellipse is most like the orbit of the Earth?  Ellipse A
    3. Is the planet in ellipse C speeding up or slowing down?  Slowing Down

    Orbits1

    4. Draw and label the ellipse below. Use your reference tables and calculate the eccentricity for the ellipse below (round your answer to the nearest thousandth)

    eccentricity

    5. What are the units for eccentricity? The units cancel out. There are no units!

    6.  Place an X where you think the planet would travel the fastest and a Y where you think the planet would travel the slowest.

     

    Kepler's laws of Planetary Motion

    Write these laws down in your journal.
     

    LAW 1: The orbit of a planet around the Sun is an ellipse
    with the Sun's at one of the foci.

    LAW 2: As a planet orbits the sun it sweeps out equal areas in equal time.
    LAW 3: The closest planets travel fastest around the sun.
     
     Summerize the above video.
    Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion
    Check out these animations of Kepler's Laws. 

    https://ophysics.com/f6.html

    https://astro.unl.edu/classaction/animations/renaissance/kepler.html

    Not a circle!
    ap1
     
    Draw and label the sun at the foci on the left and the earth at the two positions shown.
     
    ap3
    Note: even though those two points seem very close together, they are about 3 million miles apart.
     
     
    #7: What is the name of the straight line in this image? Major Axis
    The apparent size of the sun throughout the year.
     
    aphelion
     
    What month should the sun appear biggest?
     
    The apparent diameter of the Sun is biggest in January and smallest in July.
    8. What month is the Earth revolving around the sun the fastest? Why?
    In January, because it is closer to the sun.
    ap4
    Label the distances from the sun at these two positions and the names for these positions.
     
     
    Aphelion = Furthest Away (A = Away)
    Perihelion = Closest to the sun
     
    Some important astronomical dates
    9. What dates do the Perihelion and Aphelion usually occur?
     
    We are closest to the Sun around Jan. 4th and furthest around July 4th.
     
    Does that make sense to you? Why or why not?
    10. If we are closest to the sun during winter, and furthest from the sun during summer, then
    the distance the Earth is to the sun is not the reason for the seasons!
    Do the following and please round your eccentricity values to the nearest thousandth.
     
    eccentricity1
     
    The green line is the major axis.
     
    The Sun (or star) is always located at one of the foci!
    *Planets travel fastest around their star when they are closest to their star!
    Distance between the foci = 7.3 cm

    Distance between the foci = 1.5 cm

    Length of the Major Axis = 9.1 cm

    		 Length of the Major Axis = 7.2 cm

    Eccentricity = 0.802

    		 Eccentricity = 0.208
    Kepler Animation

    Reflection: Explain Kepler's three laws.
    Why does the sun appear bigger in January?
    When does the earth revolve the fastest? Why?

    A funny song with some good science!

    Girl your mass is heavily attractive
    I orbit you because my movements are reactive
    I'm spherical and lyrical, this data is empirical.
    Finding you has got to be a planetary miracle
    Never known a girl so fiery and gassy
    My light in the darkness, don't my girl look classy
    A lassy, a lady you got me feeling crazy
    I'm spinning while I'm grinning, on my axis feeling lazy

    The closer that I get to you
    The faster that I start to move
    Newtons' laws gonna make it true
    My universe revolves around you

    At first I thought my trajectory was circular
    On set point while my radius was fixed on her
    But that was changed with Keplers big discovery
    He suggested I revolved with less consistency
    An oval, my paths elliptical in shape
    Not like I wanna but there's no way I can escape.
    Why an oval, you may be asking and its right of you
    To question what is told as true, the facts as we have tried to prove
    Albert Einstein, gave the answer
    as to the path of this celestial dancer
    He suggests its the curvature of space-time
    And he's a pretty smart guy, so lets just leave it there,
    Alright!

    The closer that I get to you
    The faster that I start to move
    Keplers' laws gonna make it true
    My universe revolves around you

    oh, What was that? did something come between?
    Are there other satellites that you might be seein?
    Im really hurt girl, what have I been to you
    I'm a solo system, there ain't room enough for two
    That's it baby, now were through
    I hope you supernova and take me out too.
    You'd be a black hole honey, take me inside
    Spin out my matter in matter of time
    ...Oh I guess it was just one of my moons
    Eclipsing your light, Girl I knew you were true.

    The closer that I get to you
    The faster that I start to move
    Keplers' laws gonna make it true
    My universe revolves around you
     
    Bonus!
    The videos below show a seeming Kepler conundrum.
    In the first video, the outer moon (Europa) appears to be going faster than the inner moon (Io).
    Kepler's laws tell us that closer objects orbit faster.
    The relative motions and speed of the moons are shown in the second video.
     
     
     
    Explain what really is happening?
    Use diagrams in your explanations.
     
    Note: Kepler's laws hold true!
    Figure out what is really happening.